1980 Part II Fred College Tours Southwest & Southeast

PART II

The second area touched on will be the SOUTHWEST shown in RED on the map above.

This includes (in this order) Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico  & Arizona.

The third area touched on will be the SOUTHEAST shown in YELLOW on the map above.

This includes (in this order) Arkansas, Louisiana. Mississippi, Alabama, Kentucky, Tennessee,

Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland & Washington DC

SOUTHWEST
(Student handout cover below)

Oklahoma

End of the Trail Monument

Oklahoma Indian Museum

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Victorian architecture

Guthrie, Oklahoma

Victorian architecture

Guthrie, Oklahoma

Texas

The Alamo,  mission established 1718

1836 became cradle of Texas liberty

San Antonia, Texas

The River Walk Paseo del Rio (with boat trip)

San Antonio, Texas

War for Texas Independence

342 Texans prisoners executed for treason

Goliad, Texas

San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Park

Sam Houstons victory over Santa Anna's forces 1836

Houston, Texas

El Capitan

Mountain north of El Paso

Westward bound wagon trails and the railroad would have to bypass

El Paso, Texas

In 1853 Richard King purchased 15,500 acres of land for $300.

XIT ranch eventually spread to a million acres. 

His cattle was driven 800 miles on the Chisholm Trail.

We took the 12 mile loop on the King Ranch.

Kingsville, Texas

On the loop of the King's Ranch we saw many beautiful horses.

 Kingsville, Texas

The Chisholm Trail in Texas to Abilene, Kansas

A mixed blood Cherokee trader named Jesse Chisholm founded the route.

 Johnson's grandfather rounded up long horn cattle and sent them on the Chisholm Trail

Tour guides explain the history of the ranch. Buildings are original and restored.

 LBJ Ranch. Johnson City, Texas

Visitors may tour the ranch on a horse drawn wagon

LBJ Ranch, Johnson City, Texas

Cattle moved through Fort Worth Texas on the Chisholm Trail.

Cow Town, Fort Worth, Texas

Old Cow Town still has a cattle town atmosphere.

Fort Worth, Texas

Famous Billy Bobs

Cowboys gathered to relax.

Fort Worth,Texas

Eventually Fort Worth became a stockyard for cattle and meat processing plants.

Fort Worth, Texas

Amon Carter Museum of Western Art houses collections of Russell and Remington art.

Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, Texas

 Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid resided in Fort Worth 

(Hell's Half Acre) when they had this photo taken.

When they left Fort Worth, they took along  two ladies from the Red Light District.

Fort Worth, Texas

Lubbock Texas in the Texas Panhandle also was big in the cattle industry.

This herd was just south of Lubbock, Texas

Texas Tech in Lubbock has Western Heritage outdoor museum.

Center Office, Lubbock, Texas

We spent considerable time here walking along paved paths and taking pictures.

Texas Tech Ranching Heritage Museum, Lubbock, Texas

We visited some of earliest original ranch buildings that had been moved here.

This Matador Half-Dugout dates back to 1890.

More recent structures could also be viewed.

Another of the 30 structures located on the 12 acre site.

Nearby was this Prairie Dog Town.

Mackenzie State Park, Lubbock, Texas

Prairie dogs made for good pictures.

They were playful creatures.

Book Depository Building

Lee Harvey Oswald shot JFK from this building

(second floor from top, corner window on right)

Healy PLaza in the foreground

Dallas, Texas

JFK Memorial

Dalas, Texas

Romanesque architecture

1890 red stone building

Dallas, Texas

Romanesque Revival architecture

Old Red Courthouse, 1890-1892

Dallas, Texas

View from International Bridge

between El Paso, Texas and Juarez, Mexico

Students watched Mexicans cross border illegally

Border patrol (white car) responded. 

El Paso, Texas

Students purchased goods in Mexican marketplace before

returning to El Paso, Texas

New Mexico

Historic Santa Fe Railroad Depot

(Acheson,Topeka and the Santa Fe)

Santa Fe, New Mexico

Cooke's Wagon Road across New Mexico

Later Southern Pacific RR route

Gadsden Purchase, New Mexico

Jefferson Davis sought to tie the South to California

At one time Davis considered a route for camels

Highway I10 today

New Mexico

 I stood on the tracks of the Southern Pacific Railroad

I10 rest area, New Mexico 

  Then I stepped aside and let the train pass.

I10 rest area, New Mexico

Missile Launching Test Area

Almagordo/Las Cruces, New Mexico

Painted Desert, New Mexico

Painted Desert. New Mexico

Arizona

Montezuma Well Trail

Montezuma, Arizona

Montezuma Well Trail

Montezuma, Arizona

Montezuma Well Trail

Irrigation canal to the left led to fields

Montezuma, Arizona

Navaho and Hopi Indian Reservations

Hopi in island among Navaho

Western Arizona

Student ventures out for Kodak moment

Navaho Indian Reservation

Western Arizona

 Students purchase Indian crafts

Navaho Indian Reservation

Early lodge of miner near Tombstone, Arizona.

The miner was killed Apache Indians.

Miner's lodge by Tombstone, Arizona

Schieffelin Hall
Ed Schieffelin found silver in 1877
He called his claim Tombstone

The Bird Cage Theatre, 1881
Had a reputation for being wild hangout.
Inspired a song about a little bird in a gilded cage.

Tombstone, Arizona

The Crystal Palace, 1879
We ordered sarsaparilla here.

Tombstone, Arizona

Many, many, historic articles were on display in the General Store and the

Wells Fargo Office Museum; however they not arranged in meaningful exhibits.

Still we viewed a number of interesting items.

Doc Holiday and Wyatt Earp had a shootout in the OK Coral. Even though some of those

killed were unarmed, the two escaped the hangman. The scaffold was used in this violent town.

Tombstone, Arizona

Grand Canyon

Students were lodged in  park buildings

Grand Canyon, Arizona

Grand Canyon, Arizona

 Grand Canyon, Arizona

Grand Canyon Guided Tour

Grand Canyon, Arizona

Arcosanti Experimental City

Dream self-sufficient & ecology-friendly city

Arcosanti, Arizona

Arcosanti Experimental City

Still under construction

Arcosanti, Arizona

Arcosanti Experimental City

Still under construction

Arcosanti, Arizona

Arcosanti Experimental City

Guided tour

Arcosanti, Arizona

Arcosanti Experimental City Visitor Center

Information Center

Arcosanti, Arizona

Arcosanti Experimental City

Constructed model of completed city.

Arcosanti, Arizona

Casa Grande (Grand House)

Shelter gives protection from weather

Casa Grande, Arizona

SOUTHEAST

Arkansas

Pea Ridge Battlefield
Elkhorn Tavern

Cherokee fought on side of the Confederacy.

Union victory helped save Missouri

Pea Ridge, Arkansas

Louisiana

Sunken Trace

Louisiana

Sunken Trace, Louisiana

Battle of New Orleans

War of 1812 (Actually, unknowingly, the battle was fought after the war)

Andrew Jackson's forces are on the left)

New Orleans, Louisiana

The Acadians of Louisiana came from this part of Canada pressed out by British

because they refused to be neutral in time of war,

The exiled Acadians  moved to Louisiana

Recreated Cajun Village

Louisiana

Students roamed Acadian Village

Louisiana

The best way to explore the bayou country is by boat

Louisiana

Cajun

Louisiana Bayou country

Cajun Church (Catholic)

Louisiana Bayou House

Cajun Country, Louisiana

Exploring sites associated with Evangeline

Observing Cajun style of architecture

Louisiana

Cajun House

Louisiana

Lunch break in Cajun Country

Louisiana

Students at a music hall in Cajun Country

Our travel tour visited New Orleans for the 1984 World's Fair

New Orleans, Louisiana

Jackson Square

New Orleans, Louisiana

Jackson Square

Park Guide on the left; students ion the shade

New Orleans, Louisiana

Mississippi

Retirement home of Jefferson Davis
Operated by relatives of Davis who shamelessly distort history

Beauvoir House  faces the Gulf of Mexico

Library pavilion where he wrote about Confederacy

Biloxi, Mississippi

Alabama

First Capitol of the Confederacy
George Wallace was there when we visited

Davis took oath of office Feb. 18, 1861 (spot is marked)

Montgomery, Alabama

USS Alabama

George Wallace asked to have it as a shrine

Boat towed 5,600 miles from Seattle, Washington
Nearby submarine mat also be toured.

Mobile, Alabama

Kentucky

Harrodsburg, Kentucky of 1774

The Second Great Awakening was launched in Cane Ridge Kentucky, 1801

The revivalist built this log cabin (now located inside of a church building)

Cane Ridge, Kentucky

As a guide presented information students were like a congregation.

Cane Ridge Kentucky

One of our students tried out the old church pump organ

Cane Ridge, Kentucky

Cane Ridge Revival marked the beginning of the Disciples of Christ denomination

(also called the Christian Church). That church body has women pastors 

so our Chinese student took to the pulpit.

Cane Ridge, Kentucky

 Kentucky is famous for its horses so we visited a horse ranch for racing horses. 

The man on the left is the manager (often on TV) 

who personally gave us a tour after closing time. 

Claiborne Ranch, Kentucky

 This ranch was also a stud farm for famous horses that merited photos.
Student is photographing Secretariat.

Kentucky

Unloading college vans for lodging at a Shaker village

Pleasant Hill, Kentucky

We all entered the same buildings, but through two doors

(one for men and one for women) the n went up two separate stairways

(one for men and one for women) to reach the second floor.

Pleasant Hill, Kentucky

Guides dressed as Shakers showed us how they made carpets,

furniture, packs of seeds, etc.

Pleasant Hill, Kentucky

Dinners consisted of a whole lot of home grown vegetables including eggplant

In the evening we all met in our room for a discussion session of what we had seen.

Marv handled questions about geography and I covered the aspects of history. There are

 a number of Shaker villages, but since Shakers practiced celibacy all are just historic sites.

Fortunately our Shaker bedroom was large enough to hold all the students. 

Otherwise we would have had to use a conference room.

Pleasant Hill, Kentucky

The young lady on the right corner was a student from China.

In the morning breakfast was served Shaker style

Pleasant Hill, Kentucky

Tennessee

Cumberland Gap, Tennessee

Guided tour in Cumberland Gap, Tennessee

Union Soldiers held the Gap during war

Union guide explained canon procedures

Cumberland Gap, Tennessee

Firing the canon

Cumberland Gap, Tennessee

The rain made everyone happy (goofy)

Cumberland Gap, Tennessee

Students cross stream

Smoky Mountains

Pigeon Forge, Tennessee

 Smoky Mountain stream

Pigeon Forge, Tennessee

Fort Donelson National Park

First major victory for the Union in Civil War, 1862

Confederates surrender 213,000 at Dover Hotel

Dover, Tennessee

Dover House (Surrender House)
Where Confederates surrendered their forces of Fort Donelson.
Dover, Tennessee

Shiloh Church Battlefield, 1862

Grant counterattacks and wins

Death of Confederate Albert Sidney Johnson

Shiloh, Tennessee

Home of Andrew Johnson

Vice President of Lincoln, later became President

He came from humble background.

Greenville, Tennessee

Tailer shop of Andrew Johnson

Greenville, Tennessee

Chattanooga Choo Choo

Chattanooga, Tennessee

The original Chattanooga Choo Choo

Chattanooga Railway Station, Tennessee

College students

Chattanooga Railway Station, Tennessee

Students ate lunch here.

Chattanooga Railway Station, Tennessee

Lorraine Hotel

Assassination site of Martin Luther King, Jr.

Memphis, Tennessee

New Madrid Mud Island Relief Map

Memphis, Tennessee

Georgia

John Wesley Site

Savannah, Georgia

Cherokee Indians in Georgia

Had Supreme Court and other institutions

New Echota, Georgia

Cherokee Indians adapted to "civilization" (Jefferson's solution)

but removed to West anyway under Jackson

Developed an alphabet.

Published the Phoenix here.

New Echota, Georgia

Fort Pulaski, 1829-1845

Built to protect Savannah

Federal rife canons made it obsolete

Surrender cut off Savannah from foreign trade

Fort Pulaski, Georgia

Boone Antebellum Plantation

Big House

Savannah, Georgia

Southern Belle Reenactment

(our daughters accompanied college students on this trip)

Antebellum Plantation

Savannah, Georgia

Plantation dock where cotton was transported to Savannah

 Slave quarters on the plantation

Savannah, Georgia

Chickamauga Battlefield of Civil War

Chickamauga, Georgia

Andersonville Prison for Union Soldiers

Spring water ran through camp

Andersonville. Georgia

Andersonville Prison for Union Soldiers

Andersonville, Georgia

Stone Mountain Georgia

Sculpted heroes of Confederacy: Davis, Lee and Jackson

Stone Mountain, Georgia

Martin Luther King Memorial

and grave site

Atlanta, Georgia

President Jimmy Carter had a brother Billy who lived in Plains, Georgia.

Billy Carter Tourist Trolley and Billy's Gas Station

Plains, Georgia

Okefenokee Swamp Park

Okefenokee, Georgia

Lunch time

Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia

Okefenokee Swamp Park
Runaway slaves often headed for this swamp.

Okefenokee, Georgia

Tour boat ride

Okefenokee Swamp

Okefenokee, Georgia

Florida

Study of tools from early Spanish settlement 

St. Augustine, Florida

Fort Pickins on Santa Rosa Island

Completed 1834 (Monroe Doctrine)

Remained in Union hands during Civil War

Pensacola, Florida

Kennedy Space Center

NASA

Fort Canaveral, Florida

South Carolina

Tombstone of John C. Calhoun

St. Phillip's Churchyard

Lunchbreak

Charleston, South Carolina

Antebellum houses on the East Battery

Charleston, South Carolina

Restaurant stop before our harbor cruise and Fort Sumpter

Okra soup

Charleston, South Carolina

Uniformed guide explains history of Fort Sumpter during the Civil War

Charleston, South Carolina

Fort Moultrie

Major Anderson had been stationed there but moved to Sumter

because Moultrie was difficult to defend.

Sullivan's Island, South Carolina

North Carolina

Pageant Show at Roanoke

The Lost Colony of Raleigh

Roanoke, North Carolina

Oconaluftee Indian Village

Indians who managed to escape Indian removal policy

Cherokee, North Carolina

Students attended program by Cherokee

They did not do pagan activities because they had been Christianized early on

Cherokee, North Carolina

Scene on the Cherokee  Reservation

Cherokee, North Carolina

Museum w/ flying machines of the Wright brothers

Kitty Hawk, North Carolina

Markers indicating flights of Wright brothers

Kitty Hawk, North Carolina

Kitty Hawk, North Carolina

Virginia

Replica sailing vessel Godspeed used on voyage to Jamestown

Hands on experience

Jamestown Virginia

Students walking to island of Jamestown

Jamestown, Virginia

Replica of fort

Jamestown, Virginia

Reenactment of history by park service employees

Jamestown, Virginia

Tour guide tells the story of Pocohantas at Jamestown

Jamestown, Virginia

Foundation ruins of Jamestown. Capitol was moved to Williamsburg.

Colonial Williamsburg

Special assigned guide for the day

Williamsburg, Virginia

Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia

Royal Governor's Residence

Williamsburg, Virginia

Williamsburg Restaurant

We ordered chicken just as Washington did when he ate here.

Williamsburg, Virginia

Stable for horses

Washington's Estate

Mount Vernon, Virginia

George Mason, Washington's neighbor

(author of Bill of Rights via Madison)

Near Alexandria, Virginia

Gunston Hall of George Mason

Although Mason owned many slaves, he supported abolition of slavery.

Gunston Hall of George Mason

Thomas Jefferson's Home

Classical style architecture by Jefferson

Monticello, Virginia

Bookstore

Works of Historian Dumas Malone

Monticello, Virginia

Arlington House

Custis - Lee Mansion

Robert E. Lee grew up here

Arlington, Virginia

Michie Tavern
Patrick Henry House
Virginia

Michie Tavern
Patrick Henry House
Virginia

Michie Tavern

Patrick Henry House

Virginia

Michie Tavern

Patrick Henry House

Virginia

Surrender Road, 1781

Cornwallis surrender here.

Yorktown, Virginia

Defensive works, 1781
Yorktown, Virginia

Fort Monroe

Jefferson Davis imprisoned for allegedly plotting to assassinate Lincoln

Battle of Monitor and Merrimac, 1862

Hampton Road, Virginia

Pennsylvania Miners dug tunnel into Confederate Lines

Dynamite created crater creating setting for Battle of the Crater

Petersburg, Virginia

Surgeon explains amputation procedure of Civil War Period

Petersburg, Virginia

Shennandoah Valley Overlook

Virginia

Stonewall Jackson's Grave Site

Lexington, Virginia

Lee Chapel

Virginia Military Institute

Lexington, Virginia

"Taps" Site

College student

Virginia

Battle of Bull Run

Manassas, Virginia

Students sitting on actual  propeller shaft of the Merrimac 

Museum of the Confederacy

Richmond, Virginia

White House of the Confederacy

Residence of Jefferson Davis 1661-65

His little boy died from a fall off the side porch.

Richmond, Virginia

Capitol of the Confederacy

Was State Capitol designed by Thomas Jefferson

Richmond, Virginia

Grave of Jefferson Davis

Hollywood Cemetery 

Richmond Virginia

Appomattox Court House

Lee surrendered to Grant, April 9, 1865

Appomattox, Virginia

Woodrow Wilson father's Presbyterian parsonage

Where Wilson grew up

Staunton, Virginia

Maryland

US Naval Academy, 1845

Annapolis, Maryland

Washington, DC

Old Post Office Building

Now houses some nice restaurants.

We used this building as a meeting place.

Washington, DC

Ford's Theatre

John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln in 1865

Lincoln was taken across the street  where he died

Washington, DC

Vietnam Memorial Wall

With names of those killed or missing

Washington, DC

The original FDR Monument

Fashioned as FDR dictated -- the size of his desk.

Washington, DC

Others: Washington Memorial, Lincoln Memorial, Jefferson Memorial, Smithsonian, National Museum of Art, National Cathedral, US Embassy, WW II Memorial,etc. , etc.