Wulff's Blog: 1980s Part IV Fred conducted tours of Mid-West US

MIDWEST

(brown on map)

Ohio

Massacre Monument

Murder of 90 Moravian Delaware Indians by American soldiers March, 1782

These Indians sang hymns as they were executed by soldiers.

Gnadenhutten, Ohio

Moravian Delaware Indians Cemetery
Christian Indians changed their Indian names to Christian names.

Grave stones flat as sign of humility

Moravian missionary's house with fireplace along wall.
They lived side by side with the Delawares.

Moravian Indians had similar buildings, but they had dirt floors and fire pits

Battle of Fallen Timbers, 1793

Anthony Wayne defeated British agents and Indians defending Detroit

Near Fort Miami, Ohio

Tour of an Amish farm

South of Massillon, Ohio

Amish Country, Ohio

Students loaded on rig pulled by tractor.

We were told they may use tractors for transportation, but not for work

Amish Country, Holmes County, Ohio

Amish trace roots to Jacob Ammann who began sect in 1690s after break with Mennonites.

Here we are visting home that family set up for grandparents

Amish Country,Ohio

Students visited a carriage factory (carriages built 8 at a time)

Top of the line model could cost $1,800

Amish Country, Berlin, Ohio

We ate Amish food at an Amish restaurant

Interesting that when we went to a McDonalds

an Amish man parked his buggy as far as possible

from the establishment and left his wife in the buggy

Mennonites, less strict Anabaptists, had church buildings, but they were rather plain

Mennonites originated in Switzerland in 1525; renounce violence and military service

Amish Country, Berlin, Ohio

Former German neighborhood now neglected

Many Germans left Germany in 1848 (revolution)

Settled in "Over the Rhine" in Cincinnati

Now population half black and half Appalachian; no Germans

Cincinnati, Ohio

Salem German Reformed Church, 1867

Replica of a church in Frankfort, Germany

We also visited 1852 Finley Market.

Cincinnati, Ohio

Harriet Beecher Stowe House

Stowe was the author of Uncle Tom's Cabin.

Cincinnati, Ohio

President Warren Harding's Home, 1891

Marion, Ohio

Home of Rutherford Hayes and wife Lemonade Lucy, 2859-1863

Hayes set up the first Presidential Library

Spiegel Grove, Fremont, Ohio

Michigan

Students donned hard hats and rain coats for trip into the mine

Iron Mountain Iron, Upper Peninsula, Michigan

A miner explained mining procedures and the perils encountered working in the mines.

Iron Mountain, Michigan

We traveled in ore cars deep into the mine,

Iron Mountain, Michigan

Iron ore was loaded in Great Lakes ship

Escanaba, Michigan

Machinery for loading cargo holds of ships

Escanaba, Michigan

Finnish meat pies pleased students

En Route to Soo Locks

Upper Peninsula, Michigan

Soo Locks Tour

Locks have been operating since 1855

Bypass St. Mary's Rapids

Soo Ste Marie, Michigan

The Locks provide passage for ore freighters and other ships

Watching the operation of the locks was interesting

Soo Saint Marie, Michigan

Shrine of the Little Flower (St. Theresa)

Father Coughlin's radio station in tower

from which he criticised FDR in the 1930s.

Detroit, Michigan

Ren Cen

Urban Renewal Project to Revitalize Detroit. Previously the Penobscot

Building (where my dad has his office) was the tallest building in Detroit.

Students went to revolving tower on top.

Detroit, Michigan

Indiana

Information Center

Robert Owen Utopian Experiment

(which failed because people took advantage of situation)

New Harmony, Indiana

Illinois

View from Monk's Mound of Interstate Highway

Cahokia Indian Mounds

Cahokia, Illinois

Students observed archeological work being conducted

Archeologists explained procedures

Cahokia, Illinois

Students observe burial site of Indians sacrificed at death of important leader

Cahokia, Illinois

Mormon Temple site, construction 1841-1846

Destroyed by arson 1848; 2 years later cyclone blew down walls, so that all remains is this stone.

Nauvoo had horse driven wagon tour.

Nauvoo, Illinois

Brigham Young House. He moved here from New York in 1839

After Joseph Smith was killed, Brigham Young led the Mormons westward, 1846

Nauvoo, Illinois

Route of the Mormons

Confluence of Ohio River with Mississippi

Strategic location during Civil War

Southern point of Illinois Central Railroad

Cairo (CARE-O), Illinois

Lincoln's Home in Springfield

Springfield, Illinois

Lincoln's Tomb

Contains remains of Lincoln family

Except Robert Todd Lincoln who is buried in Arlington Cemetery

Oak Ridge Cemetery, Springfield Illinois

Pullman Planned Model Community of 1884

Pullman Railroad Sleeper Cars Factory

South of Chicago, Pullman, Illinois

George Pullman did not invent sleeper cars but he made them better than anyone else.

Comfortable chairs for the wealthy made rail travel more pleasant.

His plant operations were very efficient in his Pullman City, south of Chicago, Illinois.

Our first priority was to visit the Florence Hotel named after his daughter.

Pullman, Illinois

This building housed Pullman's quarters when he visited the town and

contained a number of original furnishings. He was very wealthy so did not live here.

Pullman, Illinois

A guide was on hand to provide us with all the details.

Luxurious setting.

I had made reservations for our tour group to eat dinner at the Florence Hotel.

The factories that made Pullman cars were still intact. In fact, 90% of the buildings

are restored or being restored.

He had a planned city where he provided HIS workers with good housing, nice parks (below), schools,

theatre (he picked the entertainment), library and even a church. This was an" ideal community" unlike

the communities where others worked. Pullman thought his workers would love him but they resented

being so controlled and having their wages cut during a depression. When the workers went on strike he was crushed. The courts eventually ruled that the village was illegal, 1894.

I had made a reservation for us to visit one of the "workers homes."

Note that the trim is painted Pullman green.

These historical buildings are rented out so that people live in them and keep them up. The lady of the house and our personal guide was Sheila Delaney. She explained what it was like to live in a Pullman house.

This Irish lady was very friendly and helped us move back into history. We moved on

and made our way to the next destination.

Each home had its own enclosed area for a back yard.

Every family was allowed a small plot for garden or flowers.

Skilled machinists had better homes and gardens.

Pullman town had its own market square where the workers could pick up

fresh fruits and vegetables in a very pleasant environment.

On Sundays the workers could go to church which he rented out.

The different denominations did not like the idea. Today the church is being used by Methodists.

Pullman also had his own fire department and school system.

His warehouses have been recently converted into apartment buildings

so that Pullman is a living historical community.

Pullman, Illinois

I explored some of the buildings that had not been restored. The buildings

were in disrepair and unsightly. Plans were in the hopper to restore everything eventually.
When a shot rang out the man in this photo (who sold watches) took off.

Pullman, Illinois

Sears Tower

College van in foreground

Chicago, Illinois

View of railroad yard from Sears Tower

Railroads contributed greatly to Chicago (especially Illinois Central)

Chicago, Illinois

Chicago, Illinois, the railroad hub

The Hull House of Jane Addams

Chicago, Illinois

Courtyard of Hull House

University of Chicago Campus

Chicago, Illinois

Al Capone's Sin Palace

one time brothel and headquarters and home for Capone

10 stories with 400 room former hotel (dark building in middle)

TV special featured opening of hidden vaults.

Chicago Illinois

When college tour visited here the building was empty and had some broken windows

Chicago, Illinois

Entrance to Sin Palace.

It had been called the Lexington Hotel,

but because of reputation name was changed to New Michigan Hotel.

Chicago, Illinois

Missouri

Arch of St. Louis

Gateway to the West

Jefferson Expansion Museum

St. Louis, Missouri

After Thomas Jefferson made the Louisiana Purchase

he commissioned Lewis and Clark to explore the acquisition.

Martin Luther College tour of the Northwest followed their route

starting on the Missouri River

Just as Lewis and Clark did, students kept a journal

beginning in Missouri

Independence Square

Starting point of the Oregon Trail

Independence, Missouri

Independence Square was also the starting point of the Sante Fe Trail as well.

Independence, Missouri

Independence Square was crowded with providers of trail goods

Long treks required a stockpile of provisions

Historic Liberty Jail

Mormon Shrine where Joseph Smith was imprisoned before moving to Nauvoo

Liberty, Missouri (Near Independence Missouri)

We visited sites associated with the early Lutheran Missouri Synod.

Many conservatives Lutherans came to US to be independent of the Saxon State Church

and settled in Perry County, Missouri.

These Lutherans came up the Mississippi River and where they disembarked

in 1839 is called their Plymouth Rock

Perry County, Missouri

"Plymouth Rock" of the Missouri Synod

Perry County, Missouri

The first seminary of these German immigrants was Concordia

was a log cabin. CFW Walter was a seminary professor here.

1st rear enrollment was seven students. Log Cabin College operated until 1849

when it was transferred to St. Louis, Missouri

Altenburg, Missouri

Mark Twain Country

Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer Statue

Hannibal, Missouri, Missouri

Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain) House

Near Hannibal, Missouri

Riverboat Exhibit

Hannibal, Missouri

The Civil War comes to Missouri

Lincoln said: "I'd like to have God on my side, but I must have Missouri "

Grant's Farm

St. Louis, Missouri

Jesse James Farm

House authentically restored

Kearney, Missouri

Missouri Pacific RR Station

Truman launched Whistle Stop Campaign 1948 Election

Independence, Missouri

Truman Home

The home had belonged to his wife Bess' family

Independence, Missouri

Harry S. Truman Library and Museum

Besides Truman collections it has Thomas Hart Benton mural.

Interior courtyard has grave sites of Harry and Bess Truman.

Independence, Missouri

St. Louis Cathedral Basilica

St. Louis, Missouri

Famous mosaics

St. Louis Cathedral Basilica

St. Louis, Missouri

St. Louis Union Station, opened 1894

(converted to mall)

St. Louis, Missouri

Wainwright Building Designed by Louis Sullivan

St. Louis, Missouri

Cream colored Sullivan (& Adler) skyscraper, 1892

St. Louis, Missouri

Iowa

To visit the Amana Communities

I made reservations at Die Heimot an original Amana building.

Amana, Iowa

We ate Amana style food at an Amana Restaurant

Amana, Iowa

We did not find any Amana church buildings, so I enquired at one of the homes.

It was our luck to have chosen a home of a deacon of the church

and that the church was next door. These pietists had avoided anything Lutheran

such as ministers, formal church buildings, the Sacraments, etc. The "church" was a hall

with no stained glass and no altar The people faced the side of the room.

The deacon was very friendly, as were all the Amana people we met.

Our student on the left was from Sweden. Deacon is on the right.

Council Bluffs Overlook

Lincoln visited 1859 with vision of transcontinental railroad

Council Bluffs, Iowa

From the Council Bluffs overlook Lincoln could see Omaha and beyond

which would become the actual route of the Union Pacific Railroad

Grenville Dodge (of the Union Pacific RR) home

Council Bluffs, Iowa

Same architect of Dodge designed this home.

Council Bluffs, Iowa

Herbert Hoover National Historic Site Boyhood home

The Quaker Hoover was adopted and raised in humble surroundings

West Branch, Iowa

Minnesota

Pipestone National Monument

Pipestone carvings from "the sacred red stone" held in esteem by Native Americans

Pipestone, Minnesota

Sinclair Lewis boyhood home

His books o the 1920s and 1930s painted a "realist" picture of small town

America derived from his early experiences here.

Sauk Center, Minnesota

Blue Mounds State Park

Buffalo jumps (cliffs)

Luverne, Minnesota

1936 Rabideau CCC Camp barracks

Civilian Conservation Corps

North of Bemidji, Minnesota

Fort Snelling National Historical Landmark

Original Round Tower oldest building in Minnesota

Guides dress in 1827 period pieces

St. Paul, Minnesota

Traverse des Sioux Treaty Center, 1851

Museum and trail

St. Peter, Minnesota

Sites of Indian 1862 Uprising

Fort Ridgely, Lower Sioux Agency, Milford, Acton, New Ulm, etc.

Turner Hall "Healthy body, healthy mind" on original site

The Turners brought their educational concepts from the Ulm area of Germany to

their first home in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1848. They moved to New Ulm in 1856

New Ulm, Minnesota

John Lind House, 1877

Home of Lind, governor of Minnesota (served 1899-1901)

New Ulm, Minnesota

John Lind House

Queen Anne stlye of architecture
Gilded Age class visited the building.

New Ulm, Minnesota

Restoration of John Lind House
I took this photo during restoration.

New Ulm, Minnesota

Mankato WMCA

Turn of the century Victorian building

Mankato, Minnesota

St. Michael's nunnery (now community apartments)

New Ulm, Minnesota

Flandrau State Park

Recreation building/changing station FDR Works Project, 1938

Created employment during the Depression

New Ulm, Minnesota

Harkin Store

Minnesota

Role playing pioneer guides

Harkin Store

Minnesota

Square dance entertainment

Twist and Twirl Square Dance Club

Harkin Store, Minnesota

Square dance entertainment

Twist and Twirl Square Dance Club

Harkin Store, Minnesota

Gustavus Adolphus College

Swedish Lutheran immigration

St. Peter, Minnesota

Christ Chapel

Gustavus Adolphus College

St. Peter, Minnesota

Sculpture

Gustavus Adolphus College

St. Peter, Minnesota

Sculpture

Gustavus Adolphus College

St. Peter, Minnesota

Headwaters of the Mississippi River

These students are resting in the middle of the Mississippi River

Lake Itasca, Minnesota

Headwaters of the Mississippi River

Lake Itasca, Minnesota

Headwaters of the Mississippi River

Popular Lake Itasca Park

Lake Itasca, Minnesota

Kensington Stone Museum
We visited the museum.
Minnesota Historical Society called the stone a fraud.

Kensington, Minnesota

Mine shovel bucket
Hull Rust Mine
Mahoney, Minnesota

Hull Rust Mine

Mahoney, Minnesota

The filings were not permitted in fresh water so contaminated water kept separate.

Tour bus for visitors

Largest open pit mine in the world.
Hibbing, Minnesota

The entire city of Hibbing was relocated 1919-1921 because
it was located on rich iron ore of Mesabi Iron Range. Mining company
paid for the removal project. At the edge of the pit only foundations of buildings remain.

Freighters that carried iron ore on the Great Lakes

Duluth, Minnesota

This freighter was opened for tours,

Our students visited all areas of the ship

Duluth, Minnesota

Massive storage area for iron ore headed to Gary, Indiana

Duluth, Minnesota

Lift Bridge to/from harbor

Duluth, Minnesota

James J. Hill Mansion

St. Paul, Minnesota

James J. Hill Mansion

St. Paul, Minnesota

James J. Hill

Jans J. Hill's Great Northern (red line) from Minnesota to Seattle

Northwestern Bank of Owatonna, 1908

Architect was Louis Sullivan, the Father of American Architecture

Owatonna, Minnesota

Wisconsin

Kingsley Bend Indian Mounds

Wisconsin

Fort Winnebago, Wisconsin

Wisconsin in the early 1800s

Chief Blackhawk in Wisconsin history

Battle of Wisconsin Heights

Abe Lincoln and Jeff Davis in military that fought Black Hawk forces

Black Hawk Park, Wisconsin

To reach the elevation where the battle was fought, we had to rent horses

Black Hawk Park, Wisconsin

Marker on Wisconsin Heights Battlefield

Wisconsin

Black Hawk and followers fled across the Wisconsin River

We did, too

Wisconsin, River, Wisconsin

Battle of Bad Ax, 1832

US military backed Black Hawk's forces against the Mississippi River

Indians who fled on the river were killed by US forces on boats.

Battle of Bad Ax, Wisconsin

Frederick Jackson Turner Home

Wisconsin

Birthplace of the Republican Party (former Whigs and Free-Soilers)

Lincoln ran as its first presidential candidate

Ripon, Wisconsin

Galloway House

30 room mansion, restored to 1880's

Fond du Lac, Wisconsin

Birthplace of the Wisconsin Synod, 1847

Synod's constituting convention met here in 1850

Salem Lutheran Church

Granville Township, Wisconsin

Salem Lutheran Church

Historical archives depository of the Wisconsin Synod

Wisconsin

Grace Lutheran Church

Lutheran Church Wisconsin Synod was organized here in 1850.

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Kansas

Front Street

TV "Gunsmoke" setting

Dodge City, Kansas

Historic Train

Santa Fe Trail

Dodge City, Kansas

Eisenhower Home

Ike had five brothers who also resided here

Eisenhower Museum is nearby

Abilene, Kansas

Old Abilene Cattle Town

Most of the buildings are replicas, but several are original (like schoolhouse)

Town was rowdy from thirsty cowmen and shifty gamblers

Chisholm Trail, Abilene, Kansas

Joseph McCoy saw the possibilities for little Abilene

and built hotels and stockyards by the RR tracks

Front Street

Cow Trail Town, College van

Ogallala, Kansas

Boot Hill

Resting place for cowboys, rustlers and others

Ogallala, Kansas

Fort Larned, Kansas

John Brown sites

Osawatomie, Kansas

Guide admitted markers glossed over cold blooded murders.

Shawnee Indian Mission, est. 1830

Shawnee and Delaware from Ohio region

Operated school for Indians, taught English, manual arts and agriculture

Shawnee Mission, Kansas

Carrie Nation

Became a national figure as she crashed into saloons (even in New Ulm)

and hacked away at the bar with her hatchet in one hand and Bible in the other.

Her home was in Medicine Lodge, Kansas

The historical collection at the Carrie Nation House included her original hatchet & Bible.

The staff at the museum allowed my daughter to pose with those items.

Medicine Lodge, Kansas

Nebraska

Windlass Hill

Rough uphill climb required pulling ropes on the wagons

Oregon Trail

Nebraska

Chimney Rock (just left of the marker) was a milestone on the Oregon Trail

Nebraska

Scott's Bluff, Nebraska

We went up the bluff for the view

Gering, Nebraska

Oregon Trail Landmark

Conestoga wagon in foreground.

We then followed the trail to Mitchell Pass around the bluff.

This was often a bottle-neck of wagons.

Gering, Nebraska

Park Service Guide made sour dough bread over dried dung fire.

Samples, with dried beef, were distributed

Gering, Nebraska

Reconstructed railroad town of the 1890s

Original buildings moved to this location

Railroad Town, Nebraska

Main Street

Step back into history

Railroad Town, Nebraska

Train passengers could rent a room at the hotel

Authentic furnishings

Railroad Town, Nebraska

Shower and shave in the bathroom

Railroad Town, Nebraska

The railroad brought the latest conveniences from the East

Railroad Town, Nebraska

Union Pacific Railroad Headquarters

Houses excellent Union Pacific Museum

Omaha, Nebraska

Students at meridian marker

Milepost of the Union Pacific Railroad

Cozad, Nebraska

Railroad station

Union Pacific RR

Cozad, Nebraska

Cozad Museum

Artifacts of John Cozad and his son Henri

(son changed last name because of father's notoriety)

Henri became famous painter of the Ash Can School

Cozad, Nebraska

Framed newspaper article on the above story.

Cozad, Nebraska

Artist Henri is in middle photo between photos of his parents.

The guide pictured is a relative of the Cozads.

Cozad, Nebraska

Rest area in Nebraska carried name of the Union Pacific

We were following the route of this continental RR line.

Hump station Bailey Yard of the Union Pacific Railroad

Cars were assembled for the engineers using gravity principle

Note the student seeking a better view

Grand Island, Nebraska

Buffalo Bill Scout Ranch

Scout's Rest Ranch

North Platte, Nebraska

The ranch where Cody entertained visiting dignitaries

and headquarters for his famous Wild West Shows

Huge barn houses memorabilia. Free movie was shown.

North Platte, Nebraska

Fort Omaha, Nebraska

General Crook's Headquarters. 1879

Crook called Apaches "the tigers of the human race."

Omaha Nebraska

General Crook led his campaigns against Geronimo (pictured) from Fort Omaha, Nebraska.

When Crook captured Geronimo in 1886 he sent him off to Florida as prisoner.

North Dakota

President Theodore Roosevelt's Ranch

Bad Lands, North Dakota

"Rough Riders" Hotel. Later TR called soldiers by this name.

Medora, North Dakota

South Dakota

Pine Ridge Indian Reservation

Massacre of Wounded Knee

Pine Ridge, South Dakota

Big Foot Overlook (Pass)

Big Foot traveled through the Badlands southward to Pine Ridge (Wounded Knee) in

December of 1890 with his band of 400 Indians. Attend the Ghost Dance there.

Badlands, South Dakota

Route of Big Foot

Badlands,South Dakota

National Monument

Pine Ridge Reservation

Wounded Knee, South Dakota

Mass burial site of Indians

Wounded Knee, South Dakota

Monument at Wounded Knee with names of victims inscribed.

Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota

Crazy Horse Monument

Largest statue in the world carved from granite top of Thunderhead Mountain by Korczak Ziolkowski

(who had assisted Borglum on Mt. Rushmore). Crazy Horse had defeated George Custer and 7th Cavalry. At the foot of the mountain he has an Indian Center and Museum; much more is in his dream.